12/7/2023 0 Comments 2 sigma math problem![]() ![]() Secondary students who received math tutoring outperformed their peers in the treatment schools who did not receive tutoring by 0.4 sigma, or 200 percent (32). In a more recent study, Roland Fryer at Harvard’s EdLabs evaluated the impact on student achievement of five instructional practices implemented in Houston ISD’s Apollo 20 program, including high-dosage tutoring. This included personalizing both path and pace-identifying and addressing missing prerequisite knowledge, and spending more time where necessary to ensure students achieved mastery of topics before moving on. Personalization is defined as differentiating instruction and providing regular corrective feedback based on the needs of each student. What was the difference? Personalization. In other words, the average tutored student performed better than 98 percent of the students in the traditional classroom. Thirty years ago this month, Benjamin Bloom posed a challenge to the learning sciences community: How could we replicate the effectiveness of one-to-one or small-group tutoring in a more cost-effective, scalable way (Bloom, “ The 2 Sigma Problem”)? In Bloom’s study, students who learned a topic through tutoring, combined with regular formative assessment and corrective instruction, performed two standard deviations (2 sigma) better than students who received conventional classroom instruction.
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